How do respiratory acidosis and alkalosis differ?

Respiratory acidosis is characterized by an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream, which occurs when the lungs are not able to eliminate CO2 effectively. This buildup of CO2 leads to a decrease in blood pH, making it more acidic. Conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe asthma, and respiratory failure can contribute to respiratory acidosis by impairing ventilation.

In contrast, respiratory alkalosis is associated with low levels of carbon dioxide, typically due to hyperventilation, where the breathing rate is increased and CO2 is expelled too rapidly. This results in a higher pH level in the blood, leading to an alkaline state.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions that affect respiration and acid-base balance.