What does hypercapnia refer to?

Hypercapnia specifically refers to elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This condition can occur when there is inadequate ventilation and an inability to effectively remove CO2 through the respiratory system. When CO2 levels rise, it can lead to respiratory acidosis, where the blood becomes more acidic, potentially causing various physiological effects on the body, including changes in consciousness, headaches, and, in severe cases, respiratory failure. Understanding hypercapnia is critical for respiratory care, as it indicates the body's struggle to maintain proper gas exchange and can inform treatment decisions to address the underlying causes. Other conditions and terms, such as decreased oxygen levels, inflammation of the airways, or fluid accumulation in the lungs, refer to different pathophysiological processes and are not synonymous with hypercapnia.