What effect does high carbon dioxide levels have on the body?

High carbon dioxide levels in the body primarily lead to respiratory depression. When there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia), it adversely affects the central nervous system and the respiratory centers in the brain. The increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood leads to a decrease in the pH level (acidosis), which can hinder the normal function of respiratory muscles and the brain's ability to regulate breathing effectively.

As a result, the body's demand for oxygen can outpace supply, leading to decreased respiratory drive. This respiratory depression can manifest as shallow, slow breathing, or in severe cases, respiratory failure. Consequently, it can also lead to manifestations like confusion, dizziness, and lethargy due to hypoxia (low oxygen levels), further emphasizing the impact of high CO2 levels on respiratory function and overall metabolism.

The other options do not align with the physiological effects of high carbon dioxide levels. Increased energy production, enhanced cognitive function, and improved hydration are not effects associated with elevated CO2. Instead, they are more closely related to optimal levels of oxygen and balanced metabolic processes, highlighting the importance of maintaining proper respiratory function and gas exchange.