What is the leading cause of lung cancer?

Smoking is recognized as the leading cause of lung cancer due to several key factors related to its biological and epidemiological impacts. The majority of lung cancers, approximately 85%, are associated with tobacco use. When tobacco is burned, it releases a complex mixture of over 7,000 chemicals, many of which are known carcinogens, including benzene, formaldehyde, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These substances directly damage lung cells and lead to genetic mutations that can trigger cancerous growth.

Additionally, smoking not only increases the risk of lung cancer but also contributes significantly to other respiratory diseases, making it a critical public health issue. Long-term smokers are at a much higher risk than non-smokers and even former smokers, highlighting the substantial danger associated with tobacco exposure.

While factors such as exposure to radon gas, air pollution, and family history can contribute to lung cancer risk, they do not have the same widespread and profound impact as smoking. Radon gas, for example, is a notable risk factor, particularly in certain geographic areas, but smoking remains the primary cause across various populations. Similarly, while air pollution can exacerbate risk, it is significantly overshadowed by the effects of smoking. Family history can play a role, particularly