What lifestyle factor significantly affects the development of COPD?

Long-term smoking is a critical lifestyle factor significantly impacting the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, accounting for approximately 85-90% of cases. The harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke lead to inflammation and destruction of lung tissue, narrowing the airways, and reducing airflow. This damage results in the characteristic symptoms of COPD, including chronic cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath.

The risk is cumulative; the more a person smokes and the longer they smoke, the greater the risk of developing COPD. Additionally, even secondhand smoke exposure can increase the risk, making smoking a major public health concern. For individuals who have never smoked, factors such as occupational exposures and environmental pollutants can still contribute to COPD, but smoking remains the most significant factor.